PFAS cleanup site — Restorical Research
USAF FAFB PR1 FT 1
Spokane, Spokane County
Restorical Research
Preliminary Site-Specific Analysis

This property has a documented history as a facility using PFAS-containing firefighting foam going back to 1942. Historical insurance policies issued during operations at this property and through 1986 could fund a cleanup — and recover costs already spent.

Fairchild Air Force Base has been in active military operation since 1942, with fire training areas and aircraft operations involving aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) as the primary sources of PFAS contamination across the installation. The Installation Restoration Program (IRP) began formally documenting hazardous waste releases at the base in 1984, with cleanup efforts commencing as early as 1975. Remediation has included excavation of contaminated soil, sediments, and sludge; groundwater treatment through GETS, ISCO, granular activated carbon (GAC), and bioreactor systems; soil vapor extraction; institutional controls; and provision of alternative water supplies across multiple operable units, including the newly established OU-9 dedicated to PFAS impacts. The site is currently in the Construction Complete–Performance Monitoring phase. That history could support an insurance cost recovery claim against carriers who issued insurance policies 40+ years ago.

Former Use
Former PFAS
AddressSpokane, Spokane County
Historical UsePFAS
Est. Operating Since1942
StatusConstruction Complete — Performance Monitoring
Contamination & Investigation
Site Assessment Summary
ContaminantsPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) use, detected in soil and groundwater across multiple operable units
Media ImpactedSoil, Groundwater
Regulatory ProgramMTCA — Standard Cleanup
Ecology Site #2874

Why Historical Insurance Policies May Be Accessible

Pre-1986 Commercial General Liability (CGL) policies were occurrence-based and did not contain an effective pollution exclusion in Washington. If contamination occurred while those policies were active, those historical insurance carriers may still have a legal obligation to fund the cleanup costs, even if the business closed or the property changed hands.

The AFFF-driven PFAS releases at Fairchild AFB trace to fire training operations and aircraft incidents that were active for decades before 1986 — and the IRP's formal documentation of those releases in 1984 means contamination was on record while occurrence-based Commercial General Liability policies were still being written and renewed at the installation. AFFF-sourced PFAS fits the gradual, continuing-trigger release pattern that pre-1986 CGL policies covered before effective pollution exclusions became standard. The multi-phase remediation expenditures now documented across Fairchild's operable units — soil and sediment excavation, groundwater treatment, long-term monitoring, and alternative water supply programs — represent costs that historical carriers whose policies were active during the IRP's 1984 trigger window may be obligated to fund.

Restorical's role is to locate viable historical policies, determine whether a successful coverage claim is possible, and assist our clients and their legal counsel to obtain insurance coverage. Restorical then manages the claim, including accounting, to ensure the cleanup is funded in a timely manner.

What We Look For

  • Historical insurance policies (pre-1986)
  • Policy numbers, carrier names, and coverage periods
  • Connection between contamination timing and policy period
  • Evidence linking cleanup obligation to insured activity

What We Deliver

  • Historical Coverage Chart
  • Trigger Analysis & Property/Policy Nexus
  • Coverage strategy with recommendations
  • Insurance funding for your remediation
  • Claims Management & Forensic Accounting

The Restorical Proven Process

Task 1 — Research and Analysis
Restorical searches for viable historical insurance policies, researches the site history, analyzes the contamination impacts, and underwrites potential coverage — including a proprietary trigger analysis. At the end of Task 1, we provide a clear yes or no on whether a successful cost recovery is possible, along with a strategy and recommendation specific to your situation, even if you are not the policyholder.
Task 2 — Coverage and Funding
When Task 1 confirms viable coverage, Restorical works with your legal counsel to tender the claim, negotiate and secure insurance coverage. Restorical will manage the ongoing claim process, including accounting to ensure the insurance companies are funding your remediation in a timely manner.

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This analysis is preliminary and based on publicly available records. Restorical Research is not a law firm and does not provide legal advice.