PFAS cleanup site — Restorical Research
US AF FAIRCHILD AFB
Us Hwy 2, Spokane, Spokane County
Restorical Research
Preliminary Site-Specific Analysis

This property has a documented history as a facility using PFAS-containing firefighting foam going back to 1970. Historical insurance policies issued during operations at this property and through 1986 could fund a cleanup — and recover costs already spent.

Fairchild Air Force Base has been in active military operation since World War II, with the U.S. Air Force beginning use of Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF) for firefighting activities in 1970; Fire Training Area FT004P was in operation from the early 1960s through approximately 1991, during which AFFF was used for training exercises, equipment testing, and extinguishing petroleum fires. PFAS contamination from those historical AFFF releases has been confirmed in groundwater, prompting a Remedial Investigation running from 2021 through 2025. Interim protective measures have included installation of groundwater treatment systems at more than 77 private residences and a municipal well, provision of bottled water, and flushing of the municipal water distribution system. That history could support an insurance cost recovery claim against carriers who issued insurance policies 40+ years ago.

Former Use
Former PFAS
AddressUs Hwy 2, Spokane, Spokane County
Historical UsePFAS
Est. Operating Since1970
StatusCleanup Started
Contamination & Investigation
Site Assessment Summary
ContaminantsPer- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) from AFFF releases detected in groundwater, affecting private wells and municipal water supply
Media ImpactedSoil, Groundwater
Regulatory ProgramMTCA — Standard Cleanup
Ecology Site #3036

Why Historical Insurance Policies May Be Accessible

Pre-1986 Commercial General Liability (CGL) policies were occurrence-based and did not contain an effective pollution exclusion in Washington. If contamination occurred while those policies were active, those historical insurance carriers may still have a legal obligation to fund the cleanup costs, even if the business closed or the property changed hands.

The PFAS contamination at this base originates from AFFF use that began in 1970 — more than fifteen years before occurrence-based Commercial General Liability policies began to carry effective pollution exclusions. Liability and remediation costs here are substantial and ongoing: treatment systems at dozens of affected private properties, municipal water infrastructure interventions, and a multi-year remedial investigation reflect the kind of long-tail environmental expenditure that pre-1986 CGL carriers may be obligated to fund. Because active cleanup remains in progress, the recoverable exposure extends to both costs already incurred and those yet to be determined.

Restorical's role is to locate viable historical policies, determine whether a successful coverage claim is possible, and assist our clients and their legal counsel to obtain insurance coverage. Restorical then manages the claim, including accounting, to ensure the cleanup is funded in a timely manner.

What We Look For

  • Historical insurance policies (pre-1986)
  • Policy numbers, carrier names, and coverage periods
  • Connection between contamination timing and policy period
  • Evidence linking cleanup obligation to insured activity

What We Deliver

  • Historical Coverage Chart
  • Trigger Analysis & Property/Policy Nexus
  • Coverage strategy with recommendations
  • Insurance funding for your remediation
  • Claims Management & Forensic Accounting

The Restorical Proven Process

Task 1 — Research and Analysis
Restorical searches for viable historical insurance policies, researches the site history, analyzes the contamination impacts, and underwrites potential coverage — including a proprietary trigger analysis. At the end of Task 1, we provide a clear yes or no on whether a successful cost recovery is possible, along with a strategy and recommendation specific to your situation, even if you are not the policyholder.
Task 2 — Coverage and Funding
When Task 1 confirms viable coverage, Restorical works with your legal counsel to tender the claim, negotiate and secure insurance coverage. Restorical will manage the ongoing claim process, including accounting to ensure the insurance companies are funding your remediation in a timely manner.

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This analysis is preliminary and based on publicly available records. Restorical Research is not a law firm and does not provide legal advice.