Gas Station cleanup site — Restorical Research
Horizon Credit Union
Spokane, Spokane County
Restorical Research
Preliminary Site-Specific Analysis

This property has a documented history as a gasoline service station going back to 1928. Historical insurance policies issued during those prior operations and through 1986 could fund a cleanup — and recover costs already spent.

This property operated as a historic fueling station — and at times a grocery store — from at least 1928, with gasoline contamination discovered in soil at approximately 7.5 feet below grade during a March 2019 Phase I environmental investigation. Cleanup under the Voluntary Cleanup Program included excavation and off-site disposal of approximately 571 tons of petroleum-contaminated soil between June and September 2019, groundwater dewatering during excavation, and soil vapor intrusion evaluations conducted in 2023 and 2025. The project remains ongoing, with institutional controls, compliance monitoring, and additional data submission required before a No Further Action determination can be issued. That history could support an insurance cost recovery claim against carriers who issued insurance policies 40+ years ago.

Former Use
Former Gas Station
AddressSpokane, Spokane County
Historical UseGas Station
Est. Operating Since1928
StatusCleanup Started
Contamination & Investigation
Site Assessment Summary
ContaminantsGasoline-range petroleum hydrocarbons (GRPH), BTEX, and PAHs detected in soil and groundwater
Media ImpactedSoil, Groundwater
Regulatory ProgramMTCA — Voluntary Cleanup Program
Ecology Site #15116

Why Historical Insurance Policies May Be Accessible

Pre-1986 Commercial General Liability (CGL) policies were occurrence-based and did not contain an effective pollution exclusion in Washington. If contamination occurred while those policies were active, those historical insurance carriers may still have a legal obligation to fund the cleanup costs, even if the business closed or the property changed hands.

Fuel dispensing operations at this property date to at least 1928 — more than five decades before the 1986 threshold at which occurrence-based Commercial General Liability policies began incorporating effective pollution exclusions. The gasoline-range hydrocarbons, BTEX compounds, and PAHs now documented in the soil are the direct product of those long-running pre-1986 fueling operations. Historical carriers whose CGL policies covered this site during that operational window may be obligated both to recover the remediation expenditures already incurred and to fund the institutional controls and ongoing monitoring still required to bring the site to closure.

Restorical's role is to locate viable historical policies, determine whether a successful coverage claim is possible, and assist our clients and their legal counsel to obtain insurance coverage. Restorical then manages the claim, including accounting, to ensure the cleanup is funded in a timely manner.

What We Look For

  • Historical insurance policies (pre-1986)
  • Policy numbers, carrier names, and coverage periods
  • Connection between contamination timing and policy period
  • Evidence linking cleanup obligation to insured activity

What We Deliver

  • Historical Coverage Chart
  • Trigger Analysis & Property/Policy Nexus
  • Coverage strategy with recommendations
  • Insurance funding for your remediation
  • Claims Management & Forensic Accounting

The Restorical Proven Process

Task 1 — Research and Analysis
Restorical searches for viable historical insurance policies, researches the site history, analyzes the contamination impacts, and underwrites potential coverage — including a proprietary trigger analysis. At the end of Task 1, we provide a clear yes or no on whether a successful cost recovery is possible, along with a strategy and recommendation specific to your situation, even if you are not the policyholder.
Task 2 — Coverage and Funding
When Task 1 confirms viable coverage, Restorical works with your legal counsel to tender the claim, negotiate and secure insurance coverage. Restorical will manage the ongoing claim process, including accounting to ensure the insurance companies are funding your remediation in a timely manner.

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This analysis is preliminary and based on publicly available records. Restorical Research is not a law firm and does not provide legal advice.