PFAS cleanup site — Restorical Research
USAF FAFB PR1 PS 2
Spokane, Spokane County
Restorical Research
Preliminary Site-Specific Analysis

This property has a documented history as a facility using PFAS-containing firefighting foam going back to 1942. Historical insurance policies issued during those prior operations and through 1986 could fund a cleanup — and recover costs already spent.

Fairchild Air Force Base, established in 1942, operated fire training areas that used aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF), creating PFAS impacts that now constitute a dedicated new operable unit within this multi-operable-unit Superfund site. Investigations into hazardous waste releases began in September 1984, and decades of documented remediation have followed: landfill capping, soil excavation, interim removal actions, groundwater extraction and treatment using GETS, ISCO, GAC, air sparging, and bioreactor systems, soil vapor extraction, free-product recovery, offsite incineration, and alternative water-source provision. The site is currently in Construction Complete-Performance Monitoring status, with EPA Region 10 reviewing the draft Fifth Five-Year Review Report. That history could support an insurance cost recovery claim against carriers who issued insurance policies 40+ years ago.

Former Use
Former PFAS
AddressSpokane, Spokane County
Historical UsePFAS
Est. Operating Since1942
StatusConstruction Complete — Performance Monitoring
Contamination & Investigation
Site Assessment Summary
ContaminantsPFAS compounds from aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) detected in groundwater; multiple contaminant classes addressed through soil vapor extraction, free-product recovery, and multi-method groundwater treatment across operable units
Media ImpactedSoil, Groundwater
Regulatory ProgramMTCA — Standard Cleanup
Ecology Site #2679

Why Historical Insurance Policies May Be Accessible

Pre-1986 Commercial General Liability (CGL) policies were occurrence-based and did not contain an effective pollution exclusion in Washington. If contamination occurred while those policies were active, those historical insurance carriers may still have a legal obligation to fund the cleanup costs, even if the business closed or the property changed hands.

The AFFF-driven contamination at this site traces directly to fire-training operations conducted decades before 1986, and the formal investigation record opens in September 1984 — placing both the contamination origin and the initial liability record within the coverage window of occurrence-based CGL policies issued to liable parties during that operational period. The documented expenditures across this multi-operable-unit site — excavation, long-term groundwater treatment, vapor extraction, offsite incineration — represent past cleanup costs that historical carriers may be obligated to recover. With performance monitoring and the Five-Year Review process still active, costs continue to accumulate, and those ongoing monitoring obligations are potentially within reach of the same pre-1986 policies alongside the historical tab already incurred.

Restorical's role is to locate viable historical policies, determine whether a successful coverage claim is possible, and assist our clients and their legal counsel to obtain insurance coverage. Restorical then manages the claim, including accounting, to ensure the cleanup is funded in a timely manner.

What We Look For

  • Historical insurance policies (pre-1986)
  • Policy numbers, carrier names, and coverage periods
  • Connection between contamination timing and policy period
  • Evidence linking cleanup obligation to insured activity

What We Deliver

  • Historical Coverage Chart
  • Trigger Analysis & Property/Policy Nexus
  • Coverage strategy with recommendations
  • Insurance funding for your remediation
  • Claims Management & Forensic Accounting

The Restorical Proven Process

Task 1 — Research and Analysis
Restorical searches for viable historical insurance policies, researches the site history, analyzes the contamination impacts, and underwrites potential coverage — including a proprietary trigger analysis. At the end of Task 1, we provide a clear yes or no on whether a successful cost recovery is possible, along with a strategy and recommendation specific to your situation, even if you are not the policyholder.
Task 2 — Coverage and Funding
When Task 1 confirms viable coverage, Restorical works with your legal counsel to tender the claim, negotiate and secure insurance coverage. Restorical will manage the ongoing claim process, including accounting to ensure the insurance companies are funding your remediation in a timely manner.

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This analysis is preliminary and based on publicly available records. Restorical Research is not a law firm and does not provide legal advice.