PFAS cleanup site — Restorical Research
3M Menomonie
Menomonie, Dunn County
Restorical Research
Preliminary Site-Specific Analysis

This property has a documented history as a facility associated with PFAS-containing materials going back to 1974. Historical insurance policies issued during operations at this property and through 1986 could help fund the multi-phase investigation and remediation work ahead under Wisconsin DNR oversight.

Manufacturing operations at this property began in 1974, with the facility continuously producing film, tape, coatings, optical, and personal care products since its construction. Historical fire extinguisher training conducted on-site used solvents as fuel and fire suppression chemicals including aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF), and AFFF-based fire suppression systems were installed within the facility buildings. Groundwater sampling across multiple monitoring wells has confirmed per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) contamination at elevated concentrations — PFOS readings as high as 1,500 ng/L and PFHxS at 1,800 ng/L — with groundwater flowing west toward an unnamed tributary to Lake Menomin. The site is an active Wisconsin DNR Environmental Remediation Program case, with further investigation recommended to assess potential PFAS migration to surface water. That history could support an insurance coverage claim against the carriers who issued policies more than 40 years ago — coverage that could help fund the cleanup ahead.

Former Use
Former PFAS
LocationMenomonie, Dunn County
Historical UsePFAS
Est. Operating Since1974
DNR ProgramEnvironmental Remediation Program
Contamination & Investigation
Site Assessment Summary
ContaminantsPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) — including PFOA, PFOS, and PFHxS — in groundwater
Regulatory ProgramWisconsin DNR — NR 700
BRRTS #02-17-590808

Why Historical Insurance Policies May Be Accessible

Pre-1986 Commercial General Liability (CGL) policies were occurrence-based and did not contain an effective pollution exclusion in Wisconsin — and those policies may provide coverage that remains enforceable today. If contamination occurred while those policies were active, those historical insurance carriers may still have a legal obligation to fund the cleanup costs, even if the business closed or the property changed hands.

Manufacturing and fire-training operations at this facility began in 1974, placing more than a decade of PFAS-generating activity before the 1986 threshold. The ongoing groundwater investigation, surface water assessment, and long-term PFAS remediation required to address contamination across the site represent future costs that those historical carriers may be obligated to fund.

Restorical's role is to locate viable historical policies, determine whether a successful coverage claim is possible, and assist our clients and their legal counsel to obtain insurance coverage. Restorical then manages the claim, including accounting, to ensure the cleanup is funded in a timely manner.

What We Look For

  • Historical insurance policies (pre-1986)
  • Policy numbers, carrier names, and coverage periods
  • Connection between contamination timing and policy period
  • Evidence linking cleanup obligation to insured activity

What We Deliver

  • Historical Coverage Chart
  • Trigger Analysis & Property/Policy Nexus
  • Coverage strategy with recommendations
  • Insurance funding for your remediation
  • Claims Management

The Restorical Proven Process

Task 1 — Research and Analysis
Restorical searches for viable historical insurance policies, researches the site history, analyzes the contamination impacts, and underwrites potential coverage — including a proprietary trigger analysis. At the end of Task 1, we provide a clear yes or no on whether viable insurance coverage exists to fund the cleanup, along with a strategy and recommendation specific to your situation, even if you are not the policyholder.
Task 2 — Coverage and Funding
When Task 1 confirms viable coverage, Restorical works with your legal counsel to tender the claim, negotiate and secure insurance coverage. Restorical will manage the ongoing claim process, including accounting to ensure the insurance companies are funding your remediation in a timely manner.

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This analysis is preliminary and based on publicly available records. Restorical Research is not a law firm and does not provide legal advice.