PFAS cleanup site — Restorical Research
3M Cumberland Pfas
Cumberland, Barron County
Restorical Research
Preliminary Site-Specific Analysis

This property has a documented history as a facility associated with PFAS-containing materials going back to 1950. Historical insurance policies issued during operations at this property and through 1986 could help fund the multi-phase investigation and remediation work ahead under Wisconsin DNR oversight.

This property was acquired for industrial use in 1950 and has been in continuous operation since, with PFAS-containing compounds manufactured and used at the facility dating back to the 1950s. Two aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) fire suppression systems containing PFAS operated on-site, and an investigative assessment has confirmed that PFAS concentrations in groundwater are attributable to legacy operations rather than a more recent release event. PFOS, PFOA, and PFHxS have been detected in groundwater at concentrations exceeding EPA Maximum Contaminant Levels, with the groundwater plume migrating toward Beaver Dam Lake and in proximity to residential properties, an elementary school, and a municipal water supply well. The site is an active Wisconsin DNR Environmental Remediation Program case, with a PFAS investigation work plan currently underway. That history could support an insurance coverage claim against the carriers who issued policies more than 40 years ago — coverage that could help fund the cleanup ahead.

Former Use
Former PFAS
LocationCumberland, Barron County
Historical UsePFAS
Est. Operating Since1950
DNR ProgramEnvironmental Remediation Program
Contamination & Investigation
Site Assessment Summary
ContaminantsPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), including PFOS, PFOA, and PFHxS, in groundwater
Regulatory ProgramWisconsin DNR — NR 700
BRRTS #02-03-598756

Why Historical Insurance Policies May Be Accessible

Pre-1986 Commercial General Liability (CGL) policies were occurrence-based and did not contain an effective pollution exclusion in Wisconsin — and those policies may provide coverage that remains enforceable today. If contamination occurred while those policies were active, those historical insurance carriers may still have a legal obligation to fund the cleanup costs, even if the business closed or the property changed hands.

Industrial operations involving PFAS compounds began at this facility in 1950 — more than three decades before 1986 — with AFFF fire suppression systems and manufacturing processes contributing to contamination throughout that pre-1986 period. The PFAS investigation, groundwater remediation, and ongoing monitoring near sensitive receptors including a public water supply well — all under Wisconsin DNR oversight — represent substantial future costs that those historical carriers may be obligated to fund.

Restorical's role is to locate viable historical policies, determine whether a successful coverage claim is possible, and assist our clients and their legal counsel to obtain insurance coverage. Restorical then manages the claim, including accounting, to ensure the cleanup is funded in a timely manner.

What We Look For

  • Historical insurance policies (pre-1986)
  • Policy numbers, carrier names, and coverage periods
  • Connection between contamination timing and policy period
  • Evidence linking cleanup obligation to insured activity

What We Deliver

  • Historical Coverage Chart
  • Trigger Analysis & Property/Policy Nexus
  • Coverage strategy with recommendations
  • Insurance funding for your remediation
  • Claims Management

The Restorical Proven Process

Task 1 — Research and Analysis
Restorical searches for viable historical insurance policies, researches the site history, analyzes the contamination impacts, and underwrites potential coverage — including a proprietary trigger analysis. At the end of Task 1, we provide a clear yes or no on whether viable insurance coverage exists to fund the cleanup, along with a strategy and recommendation specific to your situation, even if you are not the policyholder.
Task 2 — Coverage and Funding
When Task 1 confirms viable coverage, Restorical works with your legal counsel to tender the claim, negotiate and secure insurance coverage. Restorical will manage the ongoing claim process, including accounting to ensure the insurance companies are funding your remediation in a timely manner.

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This analysis is preliminary and based on publicly available records. Restorical Research is not a law firm and does not provide legal advice.