PFAS cleanup site — Restorical Research
USAF FAFB PR2
Spokane, Spokane County
Restorical Research
Preliminary Site-Specific Analysis

This property has a documented history as a facility using PFAS-containing firefighting foam going back to 1942. Historical insurance policies issued during operations at this property and through 1986 could fund a cleanup — and recover costs already spent.

Fairchild Air Force Base, established in 1942, has a seven-decade operational history that includes aircraft maintenance, refueling, and fire training activities that generated PFAS contamination from aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) at multiple subsites — including former fire training areas OU2-FT004 and OU3-FT032. Investigations into hazardous waste releases began in 1984 under the Installation Restoration Program, and remediation has included excavation of contaminated soil, lagoon sediments, Imhoff tank sludge, and sumps; landfill capping completed in 1995; and installation of groundwater treatment systems including GETS, ISCO, ISCR, and air sparging. A dedicated operable unit has been created specifically to address PFAS impacts at the base, and the site remains subject to ongoing multi-year reviews, monitoring, and institutional controls. That history could support an insurance cost recovery claim against carriers who issued insurance policies 40+ years ago.

Former Use
Former PFAS
AddressSpokane, Spokane County
Historical UsePFAS
Est. Operating Since1942
StatusCleanup Complete — Active O&M/Monitoring
Contamination & Investigation
Site Assessment Summary
ContaminantsPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) detected in soil and groundwater
Media ImpactedSoil, Groundwater
Regulatory ProgramMTCA — Standard Cleanup
Ecology Site #2377

Why Historical Insurance Policies May Be Accessible

Pre-1986 Commercial General Liability (CGL) policies were occurrence-based and did not contain an effective pollution exclusion in Washington. If contamination occurred while those policies were active, those historical insurance carriers may still have a legal obligation to fund the cleanup costs, even if the business closed or the property changed hands.

The PFAS contamination at this site stems from AFFF used in fire training operations that the base conducted for decades before 1986 — a period when occurrence-based Commercial General Liability policies had no effective pollution exclusion and remain enforceable today. The remediation expenditures already incurred here are substantial: decades of soil and sediment excavation, landfill capping, and the installation and operation of multiple groundwater treatment systems represent documented past costs that historical carriers may be obligated to recover. The site's active O&M phase — with continuing monitoring, institutional controls, and an AFFF-specific operable unit still in progress — also represents ongoing obligations those same carriers may be required to fund.

Restorical's role is to locate viable historical policies, determine whether a successful coverage claim is possible, and assist our clients and their legal counsel to obtain insurance coverage. Restorical then manages the claim, including accounting, to ensure the cleanup is funded in a timely manner.

What We Look For

  • Historical insurance policies (pre-1986)
  • Policy numbers, carrier names, and coverage periods
  • Connection between contamination timing and policy period
  • Evidence linking cleanup obligation to insured activity

What We Deliver

  • Historical Coverage Chart
  • Trigger Analysis & Property/Policy Nexus
  • Coverage strategy with recommendations
  • Insurance funding for your remediation
  • Claims Management & Forensic Accounting

The Restorical Proven Process

Task 1 — Research and Analysis
Restorical searches for viable historical insurance policies, researches the site history, analyzes the contamination impacts, and underwrites potential coverage — including a proprietary trigger analysis. At the end of Task 1, we provide a clear yes or no on whether a successful cost recovery is possible, along with a strategy and recommendation specific to your situation, even if you are not the policyholder.
Task 2 — Coverage and Funding
When Task 1 confirms viable coverage, Restorical works with your legal counsel to tender the claim, negotiate and secure insurance coverage. Restorical will manage the ongoing claim process, including accounting to ensure the insurance companies are funding your remediation in a timely manner.

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This analysis is preliminary and based on publicly available records. Restorical Research is not a law firm and does not provide legal advice.